Solution: Typhlitis is also know as neutropenic colitis and is acute inflammation of the cecum, appendix and sometimes the terminal ileum. It was initially described in children with leukemia, but can be seen in anyone with immune suppression. Causes include leukemic infiltrate, ischemia, focal pseudomembranous colitis, and infection. Findings include edema and often necrosis of the bowel wall, with perforation possible. It is treated with antibiotics, IV fluids, bowel rest, TPN, and surgery if needed.